资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
小小消毒卡1米之内全覆盖 “消毒神器”到底有没有用?****** “消毒神器”到底有没有用? 阅读提示 近段时间,不少商家推出多种号称能“杀菌消毒防疫”的消毒产品,包括除菌消毒卡、蓝光雾化消毒枪、空气消毒机等,这些“消毒神器”到底有没有用引发关注。 除菌消毒卡、蓝光雾化消毒枪、空气消毒机……近期,不少商家推出多种号称能“杀菌消毒防疫”的“神器”,令消毒类产品销量大幅上涨。 在一些“消毒神器”的宣传中,“1米范围内,360度覆盖”“纳米级雾化,超远射程,无死角消杀”“紫外线杀菌,臭氧消毒,新冠灭杀率99.99%”……类似神乎其神的描述随处可见。这些消毒产品是确有奇效,还是商家为了宣传而徒而搞的噱头?对此,记者进行了调查。 小小消毒卡,1米之内全覆盖? “黑科技高效防护,降低孩子在幼儿园、学校等公共场所交叉感染的概率。”在某电商平台,一款月销量过万的空气消毒卡在商品详情页宣称 “戴在身上,1米范围内,360度覆盖,杀菌消毒持久力达两个月”。销售同款空气消毒卡的另一商家则称其为除菌率为99.99%的“空气口罩”。 一些消费者出于给自己或家人增加一重安全保障的心态购买空气消毒卡。而消毒卡的防护效果究竟如何,却难以有直观判断。商品评论中,不少消费者表示“不知道有没有用,图个心理安慰”,更有消费者直言“就当‘智商税’了”。 中国家用电器研究院健康家电检测中心对空气消毒卡进行的一项除菌效果试验显示,每片消毒卡所含的二氧化氯气体发生剂在3克~15克之间,在大多数日常生活环境中,达不到杀菌消毒的有效浓度。3立方米的试验舱内,距离空气消毒卡远的地方除菌率仅有9.75%,距离近的地方除菌率也只有12.13%。 由中国科学技术协会、国家卫生健康委等主办的科学辟谣平台此前也发布文章,明确指出“二氧化氯贴片可以在身体周围形成一个‘保护屏障’,辅助拦截病毒感染”为谣言。 蓝光喷雾,双管齐下除病毒? 酒精、84消毒液这些常见的消毒产品,如何发挥出更大的功效?在一些售卖消毒喷雾枪的商家口中,将这些液体放入喷雾枪的水箱后,通过高压空气泵和雾化喷头喷射,便能实现纳米级雾化输出,阻断气溶胶传播路径。不仅如此,多数喷雾枪还增添了蓝光功能,可以辅助“杀菌消毒”。 “这款蓝光消毒枪的前端配备了一个紫外线消毒灯。”据了解,蓝光和紫外线本属不同概念,某些消毒枪的宣传中却故意混淆二者,将紫外线的消毒原理用于宣传蓝光消毒枪。“紫外线灯消毒作用时间需要30多分钟,喷壶上的消毒灯简直就是智商税”“这就是电动喷雾带了蓝色LED灯,要是想省力也能买”……对于蓝光消毒,不少消费者并不买账。 “‘蓝光消毒喷雾’是一种并不靠谱的概念,指望用这种产品上的蓝光杀灭新冠病毒难以实现。直射还可能对人的眼睛、皮肤等造成伤害,有比较大的安全隐患。”家电行业分析师梁振鹏说。 此外,如果使用消毒枪喷洒酒精,则可能更多一重安全风险。消防人员提醒,此时恰逢冬季,羽绒服、化纤材质等衣物易摩擦产生静电,大面积喷洒雾化后的酒精充分接触氧气,很容易被点燃起火,故选购、使用此类产品均需谨慎。 “空间防护盾”,家电新蓝海? 居家期间,“如何给家中空气杀菌消毒”成了消费者关注的问题。新的消费需求催生了家用消毒电器市场,以空气消毒机为代表的消毒家电日渐走俏。 紫外线消毒、臭氧消毒、光触媒消毒、等离子消毒……在对空气消毒机的产品介绍中,“空间防护盾”“防护无死角”是空气消毒机的宣传亮点所在。面对市场规模持续增长的空气消毒机,有分析认为,这将是家电行业的一片新蓝海。 不过,作为一种新兴产品,家用空气消毒机效果如何尚待市场检验,市面上产品质量良莠不齐。应按照消毒产品进行管理的空气消毒机,许多在上市销售前甚至未经过卫健委审核备案。 面对众多家电品牌纷纷入局消毒电器行业,中国家用电器商业协会秘书长张剑锋表示,尽管短期内这些产品确实能吸引消费者眼球,但若在国家或行业标准尚未明确的前提下夸大宣传,一旦产品达不到所宣传的效果,反倒会给品牌形象带来伤害,家电行业应本着规范有序的理念运行。 居家防疫,需多些科学和理性 在电商平台不少“消毒神器”的问答中,都有消费者有关产品“是否是智商税”的提问。而使用过的消费者对此也是体验迥异,有人认为有用,起码花钱买到了安全感;有人则认为全然无用。面对五花八门的“消毒神器”,如何才能不被收“智商税”? 梁振鹏认为,如果家用消毒电器号称能杀死新冠病毒,消费者可能要对宣传的真实性画一个问号,因为病毒本身在不断变异,很难确定某种消毒方式是否一直有效。至于“除菌率达99.99%”等宣传用语,也需要进一步解释说明去除的是哪些种类的细菌,刻意扩大概念可能涉及虚假宣传。 “从商家角度来讲,某一品类的消毒产品要想获得消费者信任,首先要保证产品质量,其次要遵守相关国家标准。另外,在营销层面也要谨慎宣传。如果一定要将消毒效果作为卖点,那么所宣传内容必须要以有资质的权威部门出具的检测证明为依据,不能夸大其词,欺骗、误导消费者。”张剑锋说,对消费者而言,居家防疫,也需要多些科学和理性。 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |